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Despite the rapid increase in the research on human trafficking within the last decade (Laczko, 2005:6), there are considerable weaknesses in the current research and methodology (Kelly, 2005:238). Empirical research on human trafficking is in its early stages and existing research mostly estimates the scale of the problem; maps routes and countries of origin, transit, and destinations; or reviews legal frameworks and policy responses (Godhziak, 2005:103). As such, legal regulations and intervention policies based on such limited research and information may create unintended side effects (Salt, 2000:35) and put the trafficked persons in a vicious cycle of exploitation.

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The problem of trafficking in women in Turkey provides a unique opportunity to clarify the connection between human trafficking and a decline in a nation's or a community's ability to regulate her residents' and visitors' behaviors to attain the common goal of living in an environment free from the threat of crime.

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The problem of trafficking in women in Turkey provides a unique oppor­tunity to clarify the connection between human trafficking and a decline in a nation's or a community's ability to regulate her residents' and visi­tors' behaviors to attain the common goal of living in an environment free from the threat of crime. There are several indicators of such decline in Turkey's ability to exert informal and formal social control to be men­tioned here. The crux of the following argument is that having exposed to increased national and international movement of goods and people espe­cially coming from eastern part of the country and from neighboring countries in the region, Turkish society has experienced remarkable changes in terms of its structural characteristics across the cities with the advent of global transitions across the world. These structural changes, in turn, are expected to account for the distribution of crime/victimization rates through their impact on existing mechanisms of formal and informal social controls and sustenance activities and related daily routines in the cities especially since early 1980s.

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Due to their shared focus on systemic control/guardianship (Bursik and Grasmick, 1993:87; Massey et al., 1989:385), to some extent, both social disorganization and routine activities theories consider the spatial distribution of crime and victimization as a function of broader structural changes, which could last over decades or even longer (Bursik, 1986:46; Cohen and Felson, 1979:592) and influence the neighborhood life and routines.

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